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About Goldfish
Goldfish vary in size, with wild ones growing up to 16 inches, while those in small indoor aquariums stay around 1-2 inches. Some exceptionally large goldfish, like one measuring 19 inches, have been documented.
Goldfish have excellent vision, with four types of cone cells for color perception. They also have well-studied hearing, thanks to otoliths and Weberian ossicles.
Breeding goldfish involves temperature changes, and they lay adhesive eggs on aquatic vegetation. Fry grow quickly but take time to develop mature colors. Some selectively bred goldfish can’t breed naturally.
Goldfish can survive without oxygen for short periods, possibly as an adaptation to frozen water conditions in winter.
They can tolerate a degree of salinity, and they exhibit schooling behavior, feeding patterns, and social interactions.
Goldfish have strong learning abilities, recognizing individual humans and associating them with food. They have a memory span of at least three months and can be trained to respond to light signals and perform tricks.
